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Inhalers Homemade / Recycling

Now I would never suggest you don’t take your plastic packed medication. If you need it you take it. But this recycling scheme might be of interest to those who have use inhalers.

Did you know you can recycle your inhaler?
Find your nearest participating pharmacy via this website.
Enter your post code
and its as easy as that to breathe new life into your old inhalers.

There is some scope for home remedies to deal with blocked up noses and the like. strong smelling essentials oils are useful. And it seems you can buy refillable inhalers which makes the whole process a little easier.

You soak the cotton wick in essential oils of your choice, put in the inhaler and sniff away.

If you live in the States you can buy these rather nice ones in glass and aluminium from Amazon.com  3.5 inches x .75 inches, outer shell is aluminum.

If you live in the U.K. try these from Ebay.

Oils

To clear stuffed noses try Eucalyptus oil

Eucaplyptus Oil

More

Find more #plasticfree personal care products here.

And more refill services HERE

N.B.

Lines changes, products get removed. For more information why not ask the Plastic Is Rubbish FB group for updates. They are a great source of tidbits, personal experience and the latest news. Why not join them and share the plastic free love x

And before you go…

If you have found the #plasticfree information useful, please consider supporting us. It all goes to financing the project (read more here) or

Buy Me a Coffee at ko-fi.com

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Halloween Outfits

bc1a69400b979de96bde47e5f738618cWant a halloween costume that doesn’t involve a lot of plastic?

The skull T was found over on Pinterest along with lots more very clever cut out ideas – some with instructions. The rest you might have to work out for yourself. Eek!

Martha Stewart can show you how to make cut out  skeleton teeshirts. Which strikes me as rather strange. I didn’t think that was her thing.

If you are not so crafty, you might like to go as a head on a box!? Or 50 shades of grey…

More plastic-free Halloween ideas here.

 

 

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Clothes – Homemade

Why make your own clothes?
It’s the only way to get true plastic-free outfits free of synthetic threads, fixings, labels and packaging:Plus I can’t afford to buy ready-made sustainable clothes, but I can (sometimes), afford to make clothes from sustainable, organic and fair-trade fabrics
Click each garment to see how sustainable it is. You can see a full list of my sustainable clothes criteria here

Stuff I Made

2019

Grey dress homemade

2018

Home made

  • liberty sleeveless made from yellow fabric I bought in India 175
  • Shorts blue weave from Japanese cotton 142
  • thin cotton shorts home made 136 
  • Shorts blue weave from Japanese cotton 142
  • thin cotton shorts home made 136
  • Cardigan knitted from Shetland wool 315

2017

  • Billy Bunter shorts 168
  • grey silk wool mix trousers 275 Palazzos
  • Liberty dress 218
  • Heavy silk sleevless  over tunic 245
  • Woolen 3/4 sleeve long tunic 293 – MuMu Two

2016

  • Denim Long Shorts 316g 316
  • Linen Pants 414g 414
  • Corduroy Skirt 300g 300
  • 1 wool socks homemade 73g 73
  • The Bombazine Skirt 541g 541
  • Wrap Skirt 249g 249
  • Tabbard Frock 149g
  • Ebay Woolen jacket 180
  • Choir Boy grey smock top 132
  • Liberty Lawn Shirt red poppies 96g
  • Offset Tunic blue & white 157g
  • Vogue lawn top cross bodice 110g
  • Wrap shirt  108g
  • Wrap Shirt Lawn Chiffon 90
  • Yorkshire Wool Waistcoat 178g

Chiffon Shirt

For the Feria (the week-long party in Seville,)I made a chiffon top. I know - get me.... in chiffon. I ...
Read More

Choir Boy Shirt

I have been making cotton tunics for a while now and while I love this very easy to make garment ...
Read More

Clothing Homemade A line skirt

A sensible, deep blue, below the knee A line skirt. I wear it with leggings or tights. Yes it sounds ...
Read More

Clothing Homemade Denim 3/4 length

No Daisy Dukes for me! Check out these bad boys! Below the knee, denim shorts with half gather waist. Made ...
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Clothing Homemade Offset Tunic

Bought some lovely organic cotton cambric from Offset Warehouse an online fabric store that sell greener than green fabrics. Such ...
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Downton (Yorkshire Wool) Waistcoat

This loose waistcoat is a made from fine light weight wool that was woven in Yorkshire. Yes a  locally made ...
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Ebay Fabric Jacket

Sometimes you need to go cheap and Ebay has some great fabric bargains. I got myself some great woolen fabric ...
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Grey Linen Trousers

I made these Palazzo Pants (super-wide leg pants) in grey linen They hang in gentle and flattering folds. I feel ...
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Skirt Bombazine

Back home from the tropics and I desperately needed some new clothes. So I have been busy sewing. First off ...
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Tabbard Tunic Top

This is a simple sleeveless dress with bust darts to add a bit of shape. It looks rather like those ...
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Tana Lawn Tunic

I didn't actually need another tunic top but I have been possessed by a sewing demon and I simply cannot ...
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The Experimental Wrap Around Shirt

This is what I wanted to make but I couldn't find a pattern so I decided to adapt the Mc ...
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The Fulsome Foolish Skirt

We were planning to visit Seville for the Feria, the big flamenco party. To say it is dreey would be ...
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Wrap Skirt

I made a simple wrap around skirt a lovely linen cotton mix printed with delightful carp delineated in a typically ...
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2015

Bloomers – homemade

Just because I am backpacking don't mean I can't make pants. Recently I have been wearing the Mu Mu of ...
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Boho Tunic

BoHo Tunic For summer I want something light, cool and colourful  so I made this tunic  using fabric scraps left over ...
Read More

Loon Pants

I was so pleased with my Scrappy Bo-ho Tunic I decided to make some lounge pants. Actually I wanted to ...
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Snood

How can you have so few clothes yet still have something you never wear? Fearing the harsh Mongolian climate I ...
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The MuMu of Modesty

This big and rather tent like top is extremely easy to wear. Long trousers, short trousers, no trousers even! With ...
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Trousers homemade

Yes, I am a member of the all-female, Indoenesian-based, Madness tribute band. What? You haven't heard of us? I made ...
Read More

Tunic Top – Fair-trade, organic-cotton, plastic-free & homemade

How can you afford fair trade and organic clothes on a budget? Make your own! I wanted a long tunic ...
Read More

Weighs In At

Why the weighing? Well this item of clothing is counted as part of my fair share fabrics project. This is a self imposed rationing system. I use no more than my global share of fibres and they have to be sustainably sourced. Whats a global share? Share out all the fibres made by all the people on the planet and it works out, (very roughly), 11.74 kg per person of which 3.8 kg is natural fibres. As I don’t like synthetics I try to stick to 3.8 kg of natural fibres. 

More

You can read my sustainable clothing manifesto here

You can see the rest of my wardrobe here.

And find other clothing related posts here

Plastic Free Sewing Supplies Can be found here

Inspiration

And before you go…

If you have found the #plasticfree information useful, please consider supporting us. It all goes to financing the project (read more here) or

And lots of cool Pinterest stuff clothing related stuff here…

Follow Plastic Is’s board Clothing, Fabric & Fibres on Pinterest.

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The MuMu of Modesty

This big and rather tent like top is extremely easy to wear. Long trousers, short trousers, no trousers even! With no zips or fastenings it is easy on, easy off making it ideal even for the beach.

Can I hear cries of “Are you mad” and “A beach dress should be summery? Colorful Pretty! What you have there looks serious, formal even! With 3/4 length sleeves….”

Well observed fashionistas but we may go home via Iran. Iran as you know has a dress code for women. The Mu Mu of modesty when worn with trousers and a headscarf will pass muster.

From beach to theocracy – I don’t think you can get much more multitasking than that! But obviously there are going to have to be compromises.

Details

The fabric is grey cotton with a raised stripe of contrasting colour and texture. Stiff rather than floaty this fabric conceals rather than drapes. It is densly woven so there is no peek aboo element (thanks be) making it modest and concealing. Although the tighter weave means it is warmer than a fine cotton say, it is still cool enough and its tent like qualities means it doesnt cling. The air can waft. In short good for both Iranian law and sunny weather.

Fabric

I bought the organic and fair-trade fabric on line from the Organic Textile Company. It cost around 27.00 including delivery. They have a good range of materials and designs. In their own words “All our fabrics are good quality inexpensive organic, cotton fairly traded.” Though they don’t actually have a fair-trade certificate you can see that they are committed to the cause. There are some nice personal details about the people they work with. I actually know who made my fabric.

NB the packaging was NOT PLASTIC FREE

Sadly the packaging was plastic. The fabric was sent in a plastic bag. I did ask about that and I was told “Due to the nature of what we send through the post it is not suitable for us to use paper packaging. We do reuse packaging that is from parcels that have been sent to us and we would be able to send out fabric using recycled packaging if it was requested by a customer.”

Read my full review of this company here

Details

Apart from the packaging this top contains no plastic

 Plastic Free Fabric – You can buy completely plastic free fabric from Offset Warehouse

Other Fabric – You can find a range of fair trade organic fabrics here

More info

While being of plastic free interest, this is also part of my fair share fabric project.  You can read all bout it and see my other clothes – home made and otherwise, here. 

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Tunic Top – Fair-trade, organic-cotton, plastic-free & homemade

 

How can you afford fair trade and organic clothes on a budget? Make your own!

I wanted a long tunic style top with 3/4 length sleeves in thin cotton I could have bought a Billie Stripe Tunic in Navy Stripe from the People Tree made form 100% Organic Cotton costing £48.00. But last time I asked they posted their stuff out in plastic packaging. And it’s a bit expensive for me. Plus too short sleeves, too long length, knitted cotton takes ages to dry…. nah.

So I made one out of crinkly organic cotton that is “traded fairly”. It is similar to cheese cloth from the 70’s and is a nice sludgy airforce blue with an off- white stripe.  Doesn’t crumple, dries quickly and is great for backpacking.Total cost including delivery £27.00.

Fabric

I bought the organic and fair-trade fabric on line from the Organic Textile Company. They have a good range of materials and designs. In their own words “All our fabrics are good quality inexpensive organic, cotton fairly traded.” Though they don’t actually have a fair-trade certificate you can see that they are committed to the cause. There are some nice personal details about the people they work with. I actually know who made my fabric.

NB the packaging was NOT PLASTIC FREE

Sadly the packaging was plastic. The fabric was sent in a plastic bag. I did ask about that and I was told “Due to the nature of what we send through the post it is not suitable for us to use paper packaging. We do reuse packaging that is from parcels that have been sent to us and we would be able to send out fabric using recycled packaging if it was requested by a customer.”

Read my full review of this company here

Details

Apart from the packaging this top contains no plastic

 Plastic Free Fabric – You can buy completely plastic free fabric from Offset Warehouse

Other Fabric – You can find a range of fair trade organic fabrics here

More info

While being of plastic free interest, this is also part of my fair share fabric project.  You can read all bout it and see my other clothes – home made and otherwise, here. 

 

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Cotton for sewing.

#pfuk cotton
Buying plastic free cotton is hard. In my experience a lot of the cheaper cottons come plastic wrapped. If you buy unwrapped, cotton cotton (if you know what I mean), the reel is plastic! Buy  cheaper “cotton” often on a cardboard reel and the thread is not cotton but synthetic! Polyester or some such which is of course non biodegradable and plastic!  But then I found this….on a wooden reel – from Intermarche. Yes I know that’s in France. I bought loads to sew with at home.

Turns out I needn’t have bothered.

Offset Warehouse supply organic cotton cotton on a wooden reel completely plastic free

Their products are posted out in cardboard boxes with plastic tape and the invoice in a plastic bag on the outside. You can read a review here 

Organic Biz do what look to be the same and say this about them …. the cotton is “made from organically grown long staple cotton which gives a silky strong thread. Cost is £2.99 natural or coloured  and are 300yds (275m) which compared to Gutterman 100 metre spools of thread (around £1.50).
They come on heavy wooden spools, really nice to handle”

Their products are posted in a plastic bag… you can read a review here

Review

I have used both and they work fine… and yes the reel really are lovely. Off to Pinterest to see what I can do with them.

More

 

 

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Fabric – Online, Fair trade and Organic

I  love supporting my local fabric shops but the fabric is not organic or fairtrade.  So I decided to split my sustainable budget and buy me some green threads. Actually I wanted them in blue….hahahahha.  No, what I wanted was fair trade and organic cotton. Some  research later and I  came up  with several online suppliers.

Here’s a list of shops some of which I have used, others that I like the look of.
Below that you is a brief review of (some of), the products sold. The ones I have come across in my research.
Below that are links to suppliers I haven’t yet looked at.

If you know of any that should be on the list please add their details in the comments box.

Tried & Tested
I have used these companies and can recommend them. You can read the reviews below
Offset Warehouse
Organic Textile Company 

Ebay – Maggies Fabric – not fair-trade or organic but some British wool and very reasonably priced

Like The Look Of
Green Fibres

The hemp Shop  pure Organic Hemp Strapping and fabric

Raystich Has a nice range of wollen fabrics some of it made in the U.K. and some 100% cotton fleece.
Ian Mankin Lovely organic furnishing fabrics
Drapers Organic  are the Hemp Shower Curtain, Hemp Fabric and Hemp Homeware Company.
Mauds Fabric Finds Where I finally find a 100% organic cotton knit in a design I like.
Lancaster & Cornish Ribbons and lace

Well Cultivated www.wellcultivated.co.uk Wool & fleece

Reviews

Offset Warehouse They have a wide range of fabrics including Peace Silk that is silk made without killing the caterpiller, organic jersey and ethnic prints. You can find them all here
Their explanations of the fabrics provenance were clear and detailed. They give the fabric weight and suggestions for its use.
Their products are posted out in cardboard boxes with plastic tape and the invoice in a plastic bag on the outside. You can read a full review here 

Organic Textile Company They too had a good range of fabric and they state that ” All our fabrics are good quality inexpensive organic, cotton fairly traded.
” Though they don’t actually have a fair-trade certificate you can see that they are commuted to the cause. There are  some nice personal details about the people they work with. I know who made my fabric.

Their products are posted in a plastic bag… you can read a full review here

Maggies Fabrics I bought some Highland wool, pink gingham cotton and some lawn from Maggie, a very nice Ebay trader who is based in Leeds. It came packaged in a plastic bag.

Not used yet – the information is taken from the website

Lancaster & Cornish Ribbons like this…. This bias cut feather weight habotai silk is super soft and drapy.  The silk is dyed with natural plant dyes in our Cornwall studio.

And lace like this Manufactured in Europe, this guipure style lace trim is 100% certified organic cotton from seed to finished product. The family run factory have developed an innovative process to manufacture with environmentally friendy, non-toxic production techniques from seed to finished product,

Where I finally find a 100% organic cotton knit in a design I like.

Simple, subtle plusses on a gray ground make up this sophisticated fabric. 100% organic cotton knit.
At 200 grams per meter, this interlock knit is soft, stretchy, and sturdy enough for easy sewing

Green Fibres

Have a look at our range of organic, natural, fairly traded fabrics by the metres. You will find a comprehensive selection of organic cottons, wools, linens, and silk and hemp and also interesting combinations of these natural fibres.  If knitting or crocheting is your passion, you will find organic wool and natural alpaca yarn in vibrant plant-dyed colours or attractive natural shades to suit a variety of uses.

Hemp Fabric

Currently the majority of clothes and design fabrics are made from cotton. The major global fibre crop, it is also the most environmentally harmful, using 25% of the world’s pesticides. The mass introduction of chemical fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides has helped keep the price of cotton and other fibre and oilseed crops low. However, as pests have become more resistant to these chemicals, larger quantities are required, poisoning both land and water. Hemp, by comparison, needs little or no insecticides or herbicides and produces three times as much fibre, making it more environmentally friendly.

Raystich
Has a nice range of wollen fabrics some of it made in the U.K.. Plus some pretty organic cottons some printed. And this

ORGANIC COTTON FLEECE – GREY MARL

£11.00 Soft, fluffy-back sweatshirt fleece with a tight weave. Perfect for sweatshirts, baby blankets, cushions… It has an approximate 20% stretch with 97% recovery, and stretches two-way. 100% organic GOTS-certified cotton. 1.8m wide. 330gsm. Made in Turkey.

Price is per HALF metre. Multiple order quantities will be cut in a continuous length..

COTTON SWEATSHIRT RIBBING – STRIPED DARK GREY/GREY

Heavyweight cotton sweatshirt 1×1 ribbing for use as cuffs, neck and hems on both woven and stretch garments. This comes as a tubular knit that you can fold it over in many places depending on your required cuff length to create the cuff piece. Stripes are 2mm in width. Oeko-Tex 100 Standard certified.
96% cotton 4% elastane. 84cm wide. 500g/m2.
Price is per QUARTER metre.

Ian Mankin
Ian Mankin is delighted that everyone is becoming increasingly aware of the environmental, ethical and medical advantages of buying organic products and that more manufacturers and retailers are importing wider ranges at more economically acceptable prices into the country or making them up here – but Ian Mankin are leading the way in weaving delightful designer organic furnishing fabrics in our own mill in the UK – high quality, reasonably priced organic fabrics made by a British firm that has lasted six generations and is the first of the few remaining cotton mills to weave organic cottons and linens.

Majestic Textiles ltd  
The company stocks fabrics in their natural, boiled off (BO) state. These plain silks are then used as canvasses, upon which unique hand-painted or embroidered designs are created according to the wishes of the individual customer. The company purchased a field in Hertfordshire, UK, in 2011 to grow Mulberry trees. Leaves from these organically grown trees are used to feed the silkworms, which then provide the organic silk cocoons. This process was monitored by the Soil Association, which awarded us the certification for Organic Silk in 2014.
Majestic Textiles does not use any detergents or bleaches, or feed its silkworms with hormone enhancements, as is common practice amongst many producers. The silkworms are allowed a full life circle, which gives the silk ‘Peace Silk’ status. This is the ethical process of allowing the silkworms to live a complete lifecycle. The silk cocoons are not taken until the metamorphosis is complete and the moth breaks free. The silkworms need 14 days in their cocoon feeding off the silk inside. This means only half as much silk is left at the end of the process, which is the main reason most silk producers bypass the ethics and kill the silkworms as soon as they cocoon. Majestic Textiles’ commitment to its silkworms is the reason we were awarded ‘Peace Silk’ status. Once the moth has broken free, it spends four days mating, before laying its eggs, and dying.

The hemp Shop Hempiness have yet another winner for us with this pure Organic Hemp Strapping. Following on from their Hemp webbing, here’s a different style.Need something that is properly tough? With Hemp’s legendary tensile strength, its breaking strain is the strongest in the entire plant kingdom, you’ll never be let down by this fantastic product. This is the strongest most durable hemp material in the range. Less flexible than the others it is great for products that need a little more power such as bags, belts, chairs and even edging material for rugs.

Drapers Organic

are the Hemp Shower Curtain, Hemp Fabric and Hemp Homeware Company. We believe you should be able to have style and comfort whilst still enjoying a healthier, more sustainable living environment. We have therefore designed our own elegant range of hemp shower curtains, contemporary hemp fabrics and mix and match hemp tablecloths, napkins, runners, cushion covers & curtains. With our organic cotton sanitary pads, bamboo towels and hemp bags too, we aim to offer a real and affordable alternative for our customers. Thank you for looking.

Eco Earth Fabrics do some organic, fair-trade and hemp fabrics

Well Cultivated www.wellcultivated.co.uk
The finest wool, yarns and raw fleeces produced in the UK and processed in Lincolnshire, the home of Sir Isaac Newton whose family were sheep farmers at Woolsthorpe Manor. We are offering a range of rovings, skeins, wool and raw fleeces from alpaca, angora mohair, Dorset White, Jacob and Hebridean sheep.

More

And there are more fabric shops that I haven’t yet looked at taken from this very useful  website 

Harlands Organic Furnishings www.organic-furnishings.co.uk
Specialist suppliers of organic fabrics, mainly for soft furnishings

Cloth House 47 and 98 Berwick Street, London.www.clothhouse.com
020 7437 5155Limited range of organic cotton and other fabrics, plus English wool and pure wool felt by the metre

Absolution Saveshttp://www.absolutionsaves.com/
Will print to commission on organic fabrics with non-toxic dyes

M is for Make www.misformake.co.uk
Retail Cloud 9 printed organic cotton made in the US.

Ardalanish Isle of Mull Weavers www.ardalanish.com
Organic wool tweed made in Scotland

British Made Eco www.britishmadeeco.co.uk
Organic and sustainable fabrics

Susie www.sukie.co.uk
Small range of organic cotton printed fabrics

K1 Yarns
www.k1yarns.co.uk
Limited range of organic cotton printed in Scotland
0131 226 7472

Denise Bird Woven Textiles
Ethical and organic textiles
http://www.denisebirdwoventextiles.com/
info@denisebirdwoventextiles.com

The African Fabric Shop
www.africanfabric.co.uk
Not officially fair-trade status but ethically-sourced fabrics
01484 850188

Myriad Online
www.myriadonline.co.uk
100% wool felt including natural-dyed and organic stuffing wool

Handmade Presents
www.handmadepresents.co.uk
Wool and organic wool felt including naturally-dyed

Twisted Thread
www.twistedthread.com
Organisers of Festival of Quilts and Knitting & Stitching Shows where a range of independent fabric suppliers can be found.

The Original Re-enactors Market
www.reenactorsmarket.co.uk/
Market for historical re-enactment. Suppliers of wool and linen fabrics from various sources.

Naturtuche
www.naturtuche.de
German supplier of historical fabrics including some naturally-dyed wool and hemp fabrics

Make Do & Mend

Jen over at the blog of the same name has a good list of resources including this list of suppliers of ethical fabrics, ribbons and lace. I will make that flouncy neglige yet! And pants. An organic make your own pants pack! Coolio!

And a very interesting post on using second hand supplies.

More

For all things fabric try How To Sew Plastic Free

Local fabric shops.
British made Fabric
Regenerated Fibres & fabrics  a very basic introduction but beware – bamboo is not as green as you might think!
Kinds Of fabric – my ongoing experiences with natural fabrics.

N.B.

lines changes, products get removed. For more information why not ask the Plastic Is Rubbish FB group for updates. They are a great source of tidbits, personal experience and the latest news. Why not join them and share the plastic free love x

And before you go…

If you have found the #plasticfree information useful, please consider supporting us. It all goes to financing the project (read more here) or

Buy Me a Coffee at ko-fi.com

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Loon Pants

I was so pleased with my Scrappy Bo-ho Tunic I decided to make some lounge pants. Actually I wanted to practise for my next big project, trousers! But baby steps…first pyjama bottoms.
I had run out of scraps so I needed some new fabric. I bought some pretty Rose & Hubble print 100% percent cotton. They are so gorgeous I sometimes wear them out. At least I do so in China where it is quite acceptable to walk round in pyjamas. Really I mean it. Proper jim jams!

Sustainability Rating

  • Supporting local shops
  • Sewn with plastic-free cotton

Got the fabric from  Leons in Chorlton, Manchester. This store has been around for ages. They sell everything from gingham to fluero lycra. It is independent, a great resource and of course a local employer. It is much valued by the community and I was most pleased for some of my sustainable clothing budget to go towards supporting this fantastic local business

OPENING HOURS:

Mon-Sat 9:30am – 5:30pm
Late night Thursdays 8:00pm

Website www.leonsfabrics.co.uk

 

 

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Boho Tunic

BoHo Tunic

For summer I want something light, cool and colourful  so I made this tunic  using fabric scraps left over from other projects and a silk skirt I was unsure of. This is the result. Three different fabrics used on the bodice with the silk skirt attached.

Thank heavens BoHo is still in. Hey! I said BoHo not hobo!

Can be worn on its own or with teeshirts (both long sleeved and short).

Cost nothing! Yay!

Weight

As part of my Fair Share Fabric  Project I am monitoring how many fabrics I use in a year. Even though the skirt was recycled from a dress I have had for ages I am putting in a total weight.

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Fabric – An Introduction

Post Index

Definitions

Making Fabric

  • Types  Of Fabric
  • Fabric Weights 
  • Why Organic & Fair-trade 

Related Posts

An Introduction To Fabric

Introduction 

Fibres are short fine hairs that can be twisted or spun into longer thread or yarn. This is then woven or knitted into fabric.Natural fibres biodegrade. Synthetic fibres are man-made and plastic. Most dont. Regenerated Fibres are cellulose converted through a chemical process. Some it is claimed are biodegradable. Some are not. Yarns and fabrics made from these fibres share these qualities. Clothing – ditto. 

Natural Fibres used for finer fabrics and yarn include

  • Cotton used to make cotton
  • Flax is used to make linen. It is one of the strongest vegetable fibres. Other vegetable fibres include hemp and nettles.
  • Coarse fibres such as hemp is used to make sacking 
  • Wool and other animal hair 
  • Silk strong and light weight. Read more here.
  • Read more  HERE

Synthetic fibres

These are man-made from chemicals many of which are petroleum derived. Acrylic, nylon and polyester  are the most common. They are made from oil and coal.

  • Acrylic fibre resembles wool and so is used to replace that natural fibre.
  • Nylon is used as a silk substitute. It is a very fine and strong fibre so can be used to make ladies tights.
  • Polyester is one of the most popular man-made fibres. It can be used to mimic almost any natural fibre. is the same Polyethylene terephthalat, (frequently shortened to PET or PETE and was formerly called PETP or PET-P), that is used to make bottles and a lot of other plastic stuff.
  • Read more HERE

Regenerated Fibres

The base material is cellulose that can be obtained from a range of sources including wood, paper, cotton fiber, or  bamboo. It is then converted through a chemical process into a fiber.

They usually go under the trade names such as 

  • Rayon
  • Bamboo Rayon
  • Viscose,
  • Modal
  • Tencel (lyocell)

Regenerated Fibres & fabrics  a very basic introduction

Making Fabric

Fabric can be woven or knitted from yarn made by spinning fibres. 

Fabrics are often named  after yarn type. So cotton can be the fibre the yarn or the fabric. They can be a mixture of yarns like poly cotton – polyester and cotton mix. They may be named after the trade name like Modal.

Mixed Fibre Fabric

Where different fibres are mixed together like a wool/ silk mix  popular for suits or natural and synthetic eg polycotton

Stretch Fabrics

Stretch fabrics contains elasticine also called Spandex or Lycra. It 

is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity. It can be stretched up to 7 times it’s own length and snaps back into shape. It is blended with other fibres, both synthetic and natural, to create a stretchy fabric great for underwear and sports wear. Read more here

more names for fabric

There are many different kind of weave resulting in fabrics of different thickness and texture. Fabrics may be named after the weave for example twill.

Jersey is a knitted fabric that could be made from cotton, silk or polyester.

Cotton fabric can be described as denim, lawn or muslin.

Silk comes under any number of of luscious sounding names including Charmeuse, Chiffon and Crepe de Chine.

Different types of fabric have different qualities – demin is a heavy thick hard wearing cotton fabric while lawn is thin sheer cotton fabric. Differences are down to how the fabric is made and the weight (thickness) of the yarn used.

You can find over 200 types of fabric listed HERE

Fabric Weights

GSM means grammes per square metre so typically a voile or muslin would weigh less than 100 grammes per metre.

Shirtweight would be 100 to 200 gsm. Lightweight canvas would be around 300gsm. Denim is often classified in oz per sq yard. 12 oz = 400 gsm.

Natural & Ethical Fabrics

As many fabrics are made in poorer countries, do try to source fair-trade when ever possible. There are good reasons for trying to also source organic. Cotton especially uses huge amounts of pesticides.

Problem is fair trade and organic don’t come cheap and I can’t always afford it. So, without beating myself up about it, I also buy natural but almost-certainly-non-organic, who-knows-how-it-is-made fabric from local fabric shops.

Buy Fabrics

Buy fabric and other related informotion here



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Fabrics, Fibres & Yarns Index

Index

  • Natural fibres for rope, string, sacking, industrial uses, delicate fabrics and yarn  HERE
  • Synthetic fibres  Read more HERE
  • Regenerated Fibres Read more HERE

Yarns

Fabrics

Clothing
See all textile & wardrobe related posts HERE.

Stats on fibre production

Introduction to Fibres & Fabrics

Definitions

  • Fibres are short fine hairs.
  • Fibres can be can be natural, synthetic or chemically produced hybrid called regenerated fibres.
  • Fibres can be twisted or spun into longer thread or yarn.
  • Threads can be woven or knitted into fabric.

 

Natural Fibres

These are plant or animal derived and they biodegrade.

Coarse Fibres Are used for rope, string, sacking and industrial uses. They include

  • Abaca for rope,
  • coir from coconuts has a wide range of applications,
  • jute is used for sack cloth and
  • sisal for string.

Fibres used for finer fabrics and yarn include

  • Cotton used to make cotton
  • Flax is used to make linen. It is one of the strongest vegetable fibres. Other vegetable fibres include hemp and nettles.
  • Wool and other animal hair 
  • Silk strong and light weight.
  • Read more  HERE

Synthetic fibres

  • These are man-made from chemicals many of which are petroleum derived.
    Most do not biodegrade.
  • Acrylic, nylon and polyester  are the most common. They are made from oil and coal.
  • Read more HERE

Regenerated Fibres

  • The base material is cellulose that can be obtained from a range of sources including wood, paper, cotton fibre, or  bamboo. It is then converted through a chemical process into a fibre.

    Some it is claimed are biodegradable. Some are not.

    They usually go under the trade names such as 

    • Rayon
    • Bamboo Rayon
    • Viscose,
    • Modal
    • Tencel (lyocell)
    • Read more HERE

Mixed Fibre

Where different fibres are mixed together like a wool/ silk mix  popular for suits or natural and synthetic eg polycotton. 

Then there are other more specialist mixes  where natural fibres are mixed with elasticine added to make fabric stretchy.

 

Yarns, Threads and Ropes

Yarns and threads usually take the name from the fibre in which they are spun. They range from thin threads for sewing to thick ropes. 

Here are the ones we use.

 

Fabrics

Threads can be woven or knitted into fabric.

They may be named after then yarn type. So cotton can be the fibre the yarn or the fabric. They may be named after the trade name like Modal.

But fabrics can also be subdivided into a huge number of additional categories. For example cotton fabric can be described as denim, lawn or muslin.

Fabric may also be described by the technique used to make it. So jersey is a knitted fabric that could be made from cotton, silk or polyester.

Clothing

Clothes can now be made out of woven/knitted fabrics or knitted yarn.

See all textile & wardrobe related posts HERE.

Fibre Production

fibre pie chart

2013 figures

Global 2013 fibre production estimated at 85.5 million tons

• Global 2013 synthetic fibre production estimated at 55.8 million tons (i.e. excluding cotton, cellulosics and wool)

Natural Fibres
Cotton 25 million tons
wool production is around 2.1 million tonnes.
Silk 150 000 tonnes in 2006
Linen 147 000 tonnes of flax fibre 2007,
Alpaca 6 500 tonnes
Cashmere” after scouring and dehairing 6 500 tonnes
Mohair is estimated at around 5 000 tonnes a year, down from a high of 25 000 tonnes in the 1990s,
Angora is estimated at 2 500 to 3 000 tonnes
2009 figures  only – google let me down!

Carbon footprint

A study done by the Stockholm Environment Institute on behalf of the BioRegional Development Group  concludes that the energy used (and therefore the CO2 emitted) to create 1 ton of spun fiber is much higher for synthetics than for hemp or cotton:
KG of CO2 emissions per ton of spun fiber:

KG of CO2 emissions per ton of spun fiber:

 

crop cultivation

fiber production

TOTAL

polyester USA

0.00

9.52

9.52

cotton, conventional, USA

4.20

1.70

5.90

hemp, conventional

1.90

2.15

4.05

cotton, organic, India

2.00

1.80

3.80

cotton, organic, USA

0.90

1.45

2.35

Lots more great info on the carbon footprint of fabrics can be found here on this great blog.

More Information

Lots of outrageous statistics HERE

Read all our fabrics, apparel and yarn related posts HERE.